Flotation is one of the most commonly used mineral processing methods, and is widely used in the separation of gold, copper, lead, zinc, phosphorus, coal and other ores. Its core principle is to utilize the differences in the physical and chemical properties of the mineral surface to achieve the enrichment of the target mineral through reagent adjustment and bubble adsorption.
Crushing and grinding
Coarse crushing: jaw crusher (discharge size ≤ 150mm)
Fine crushing: cone crusher (discharge size ≤ 10mm)
Grinding: ball mill + classifier (grinding to -200 mesh accounts for 65%~95%, adjusted according to the particle size of the ore)
Slurry preparation and dosing
Adjusters: lime (pH adjustment), sodium carbonate (dispersed mud)
Collectors: xanthate (sulfide minerals), oleic acid (oxide minerals), amines (silicate minerals).
Foaming agent: 2# oil, MIBC (methyl isobutyl carbinol).
Flotation operation
Roughing: Rapid flotation to recover dissociated minerals (such as gold and copper).
Concentration: Improve the concentrate grade (usually 2 to 3 times of concentrating).
Sweeping: Reduce the loss of tailings metal (1 to 3 sweeps).
Product handling
Concentrate dehydration: concentrator + filter (moisture ≤ 10%).
Tailings treatment: dry discharge (cyclone + filter press) or return water utilization.
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